Introduction
We are currently witnessing a series of reckless assaults on the Constitution, the independence of the judiciary, and the basic rule of law by members of the tripartite alliance leadership - namely, ANC Secretary-General, Gwede Mantashe, his COSATU counterpart, Zwelinzima Vavi, and ANCYL president, Julius Malema - in their frenzied rush to pledge allegiance to corruption-accused ANC president, Jacob Zuma.
Many have rightly questioned Zuma's silence on the matter; why, they ask, does he not publicly repudiate these remarks? If, according to the old adage, a man may be known by the company he keeps, then Zuma's refusal to censure Mantashe, Vavi, and Malema's remarks is an indication not only of the lengths to which his loyalty towards his political benefactors will drive him, but - coupled with his infamous declaration that he believes the ANC is more important than the Constitution - also indicates that he is in complete agreement with their sentiments.
As a would-be head of state, Jacob Zuma should be eager to represent all that is best about South Africa; he should surround himself with people who are committed to seeing this country succeed. As an aspirant leader of the executive and principal driver of policy, he should demonstrate impeccable judgement, which should manifest itself in the calibre of the friends and backers with whom he associates.
Yet an alarming number of Zuma's political benefactors are dubious to say the least, and, for the coterie of a presidential hopeful, point to a problematic trend towards the questionable in the company that Jacob Zuma keeps. The more vociferous of Zuma's friends are well known; but there remains a relatively unknown set of people amongst the ANC president's associates, who may arguably hold more sway in his political decision-making - particularly because of the material debt which he owes them for helping to facilitate his path to high office.
All the President's men
Jacob Zuma's benefactors - like those of most politicians - fall into two neat categories: the first comprises local and international businesspeople who have provided him with crucial financial support, chiefly through the Friends of Jacob Zuma Trust. His so-called "investment facilitator", Don Mkhwanazi, for example, is chairperson of the Trust, and a key driver in the process of selling the business community on Zuma. Their friendship dates back to Zuma's return from exile, when he stayed at Mkhwanazi's home in Umlazi.
As Zuma's apparent point-man in amassing financial favours from businesspeople (such as the fraud trial-implicated Vivian Reddy, who allegedly acted as Schaik's middle-man by delivering bribes to Zuma through the Development Africa Trust; and South African-born but London-based entrepreneur, Paul Ekon, who left the country in the mid-1990s under a cloud of speculation about his alleged involvement in the smuggling of a R4.8 million consignment of unwrought gold, and who facilitated Zuma's recent trip to the UK to meet with investors and company executives), Mkhwanazi arranges meetings between Zuma and potential donors, and fundraises for him. Almost every cent that is donated to Zuma reportedly passes through his hands.
Mkhwanazi is himself no stranger to scandal; he resigned from the Central Energy Fund when a commission of inquiry revealed that he had appointed corrupt Liberian businessman Emmanuel Shaw, who was on the UN Security Council Travel Ban List, as a consultant, without following the correct employment procedures. The enquiry also exposed the fact that Mkwanazi had failed to disclose his friendship with Shaw when the appointment was made.
The Schabir Schaik fraud trial exposed the chaotic state of Zuma's personal finances, hence the need for large amounts of money to help finance his lifestyle. It is unlikely, given Zuma's political ambitions, that his financial backers have chosen to fund this lifestyle charitably - a theory which was also rejected by Judge Hilary Squires during the trial.
If, as compensation for their generosity, Jacob Zuma's financial backers are able to exert even a small amount of influence on a Zuma-led administration, his possible presidency could well set in motion South Africa's descent into what Robert Guest calls the "vampire state".
The second group in Zuma's coterie are the kingmakers, who have rallied behind Zuma ever since his dismissal from the cabinet by President Mbeki. They are one of the major factors behind his ascent to the ANC presidency; they have stood by Zuma's side throughout both his rape and corruption trials, and mobilised supporters to fill the courtrooms every time he made a trial appearance. Several members of this group however, have questionable public records which suggest that they may be prepared to hijack state processes to further their own aims - be they financial or political:
KZN Transport MEC Bheki Cele, for example, is likely to be a key member of Zuma's inner circle in government. He is widely regarded as driving the campaign to have Zuma's pending corruption trial scrapped and all the charges dropped. In April 2007, Cele was named alongside Nathi Mthethwa, and brothers, John Mchunu - the ANC's eThekwini Regional Secretary, and Senzo Mchunu - ANC KwaZulu-Natal Provincial Secretary, as part of the group behind a campaign to make KwaZulu-Natal a no-go zone for Thabo Mbeki.
The same group is alleged to have lobbied the crowd to boo President Mbeki in front of Indian Prime Minister Manmohan Singh at a government event to celebrate the reburial of ANC struggle icon Moses Mabhida in KwaZulu-Natal in 2006.
Together with the Mchunu brothers and Zet Luzipho, the secretary-general of COSATU in KwaZulu-Natal, Cele also organised the chaotic demonstrations by Jacob Zuma's supporters outside the courts whenever he appeared for trial.
Their failure to repudiate the irresponsible behaviour of Zuma's supporters during these demonstrations suggests a readiness to tolerate such behaviour in order to further their political interests, which is unsettling at best. Who can forget the chanting of the slogan "burn the bitch" outside the courts during Zuma's rape trial?
Powerful politicians will always be surrounded by those who seek to capitalise on their influence for their own ends; indeed, this is part and parcel of politics. Jacob Zuma, however, appears to be amassing favour from a range of supporters who have made careers out of, or developed reputations for involvement in alleged corrupt activities, a willingness to skirt the edges of the law, and an alarming readiness to threaten violence.
The implications of these favours being called in under a Zuma presidency are potentially dire. We could see the emergence of a state driven by special interests, with little respect for the due processes of democratic governance or public accountability; and one in which the rule of law is rapidly supplanted by the rule of force.
Zuma's backers could also demand special treatment in the allocation of government business, in terms of tenders and contracts. This would have serious implications for service delivery, as priorities other than the meeting of performance criteria begin to dominate the processes for conducting state business.
Conclusion
In the DA's vision of an Open Opportunity Society for ALL, there is no space for back-room deals and political quid pro quo, because transparency and accountability are keystones of such a society.
Every government transaction would be subject to public scrutiny, and there would be no escaping the consequences for anyone guilty of manipulating the process in favour of themselves or their connections.
The upshot: first, leaders chosen purely on the basis of their ability to lead and not on the basis of what they might be able to do for the well-connected; and, second, service providers and suppliers would be chosen purely on the basis of their merits, and not on the basis of who they know. This opens up opportunities for a much broader group to compete for state contracts, and taxpayers and citizens benefit from better service and a more efficient state.
This is an edited version of an article which first appeared on the Democratic Alliance weblog, The Real ANC Today, August 4 2008
