In George Orwell's classic, 1984, ‘doublethink' is the ability to hold two diametrically opposing views on the same topic at the same time. As Orwell put it "to repudiate morality while laying claim to it, to believe that democracy was impossible and that the Party was the guardian of democracy." Doublethink appears to have been the mindset of the authors of the Protection of Information Bill that is currently before Parliament.
On the one hand the Bill recognizes the "harm of excessive secrecy" and the need to "promote the free flow of information within an open and democratic society". On the other it establishes the basis for the extreme and arbitrary restriction of public access to government information. It does so by creating such broad scope for the classification of information; such wide executive powers and such draconian punishments - that the government would be able to staunch the flow of information to the public as it sees fit.
Any government information can be classified if its disclosure would be harmful to the ‘national interest'. The ‘national interest', in turn, is defined so broadly that it could affect any government activity. It includes "all matters relating to the advancement of the public good" and "the pursuit of justice, democracy, economic growth, free trade, a stable monetary system and sound international relations". It also covers the "the protection and preservation of all things owned or maintained for the public by the State" - thus potentially removing from public scrutiny information about problematical parastatals like Eskom and SAA .
The Bill goes further. It extends classification to commercial information in the government's possession if the disclosure of the information could endanger the ‘national interest' or the interests of organizations or individuals. Thus, documents relating to state tenders could be classified and kept away from public examination.
Heads of state organs would be able to delegate their responsibility for classification to any ‘subordinate staff member' - so the free flow of information could be shut down at a relatively low level. Whole file series - or classes of information - could be classified on a collective basis.
The public can appeal to have information declassified: to whom? - to the minister whose department classified it! Fortunately, the public could still request access to classified information via the Promotion of Access to Information Act. Where the Minister refuses such requests, applicants would be able to lodge an appeal with a PAIA tribunal. There is, however, a catch: If the requested information is classified as top secret the government may refuse to confirm or deny it even exists!