Zimbabwe at 36 Years Old
36 years ago on the 18th April 1980, I sat next to the podium in Rufaro Stadium in Harare along with 25 000 people and watched as the old Rhodesian flag came down and the new Zimbabwe flag was raised. Just in front of me was the Prime Minister of India, Mrs Gandhi and just to her left was the Prince of Wales who was officiating for the British Government. Next to me was a journalist from the New York Times.
Just 87 years before, a tiny group of white settlers had come to the country and taken occupation of what was to be called Southern Rhodesia after a short war with the indigenous people. This came to be known as the first Chimurenga. There were no roads, no railways, no means of communication except by a man on a horse or a runner. They had no international power behind them and their only source of funding was a coterie of remarkable eccentric magnates who had made their money on gold and diamonds in South Africa.
Never more than 4 per cent of the population, 40 per cent from Scotland and perhaps another 20 per cent of Dutch or Afrikaans origin, the settlers soon discovered that Rhodesia was not another gold or diamond rich State. They had to contend with diseases that had not been conquered anywhere else, they had to build roads and railways over tough terrain with their bare hands. They established a Police Force, the rule of Law and a Judicial system. Slowly they learned how to farm in this harsh environment. Couples staked out farms and lived in crude mud huts until the farm buildings were completed, they cleared virgin land and brought in crop varieties and trees and shrubs that gradually transformed the country.
In 1923 they opted to remain independent from the new Union of South African States, choose Dominion status under British tutelage and as an integral part of the Sterling zone; became a supply depot for Britain. Citrus, beef, maize and tobacco, chrome and gold, nickel and steel all became established industries under the cloak of incentives and free access to the UK market.
In the Great War and then in the Second World War, no country in the Commonwealth made a greater sacrifice for the Empire and for Britain than Rhodesia, it was the only country in the world that had to conscript men for essential duties at home, rather than volunteering to fight in Europe or North Africa.